Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil of Vegetable Crops in Pasir Puteh, Kelantan

Siti Marwanis Anua, Nur Fatien Muhamad Salleh, Nurul Izzah Abdul Samad, Nurasmat Mohd Shukri, Mohd Noor Mamat, Nurul Ainun Hamzah, Juskasmini Jusoh, Md Khairul Azuan Che Azid, Wan Mohd Sahnusi Wan Alias

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) in soil of vegetable crops (cucumber, corn, ladies’ fingers, luffa and water spinach). Method: Utilising systematic grid sampling, 48 soil samples were collected, each comprised from a composite of three sampling from twelve sampling sites. Soil was collected at the depth of 20 cm using soil corer and undergone drying, acid digestion extraction process and were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 24 at significant level of p < 0.05. Result: The overall median concentration of heavy metal in soil measured in descending order was Fe (44.935 mg/L) > Cr (0.259 mg/L) > Pb (0.231 mg/L) > Cu (0.153 mg/L) > Cd (0.021 mg/L). Concentration of Fe was statistically different among the different vegetable (p=0.019). There were significantly lower concentrations of Fe in corn soil versus cucumber (p=0.018), ladies’ fingers (p=0.004) and luffa (p=0.017). Conclusion:  However, the range of heavy metal concentrations in soil were lower than the allowable limit indicating that the soil was not polluted by these heavy metals.

Keywords: soil, vegetable crop, heavy metal

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